Here's a wonderful chart showing our anatomical / physiological / taxonomical classification as frugivores..
It's a comparative anatomy chart, comparing the carnivores, omnivores, herbivores and frugivores, and it should be abundantly clear that we are neither Lions, nor tigers nor bears, oh my! So all those people screaming balance of nature as justification for eating other animals, please recognise that by choosing to eat the butchered remains of other animals, you are actually upsetting the balance of nature, not aiding it!
Monday, August 03, 2015
Comparative Anatomy of Carnivores, Omnivores, Herbivores, Frugivores and Humans ..
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Monday, August 03, 2015
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Friday, November 30, 2007
Another Physiological/Anatomical Comparison Chart.. this time with fruitarians..
Anatomical Chart Comparison of Human and Carnivore/Omnivor/Herbivore/Frugivore
CARNIVORA | OMNIVORA | HERBIVORA | FRUGIVORA (APES) | MAN |
Zonary placenta | Placenta non-acciduate | Placenta non-deciduate | Discoidal placenta | Discoidal placenta |
Four Footed | Four Footed | Four footed | Two hands and two feet | Two hands and two feet |
Have claws | Have hoofs | Have hoofs (cloven) | Flat nails | Flat nails |
Go on all fours | Go on all fours | Go on all fours | Walks upright | Walks upright |
Have tails | Have tails | Have tails | Without tails | Without tails |
Eyes look sideways | Eyes look sideways | Eyes look sideways | Eyes look forward | Eyes look forward |
Skin without pores | Skin with pores | Skin with pores (save with pachyderms as the elephant | Millions of pores | Millions of pores |
Slightly developed incisor teeth | Very well-developed incisor teeth | Well-developed incisor teeth | Well-developed incisor teeth | |
Pointed molar teeth | Molar teeth in folds | Blunt molar teeth | Blunt molar teeth | |
*Dental formula 5 to 8.1.6.1.5 to 8 5 to 8.1.6.1.5 to 8 | Dental formula 8.1.2 to 3.1.8 8.1.2 to 3.1.8 | Dental formula 6.0.0.0.6 6.1.6.1.6 | Dental formula 5.1.4.1.5. 5.1.4.1.5. | Dental formula 5.1.4.1.5 5.1.4.1.5 |
Small salivary glands | Well- developed salivary glands | Well- developed salivary glands | Well- developed salivary glands | Well- developed salivary glands |
Acid reaction of saliva and urine | Saliva and urine acid | Alkaline reaction, saliva and urine | Alkaline reaction, saliva and urine | Alkaline reaction of saliva and urine |
Rasping tongue | Smooth tongue | Smooth tongue | Smooth tongue | Smooth tongue |
Teats on abdomen | Teats on abdomen | Teats on abdomen | Miammary glands on breast | Mammary glands on breast |
Stomach simple and roundish | Stomach simple and roundish large cul-de-sac | A stomach in three compartments (in camel and some ruminents four) | Stomach with duodenum (as second stomach) | Stomach with duodenum (as second stomach) |
Intestinal canal 3 times length of the body | Intestinal canal 10 times length of the body | Length of intestinal canal varies according to species, but is usually 10 times longer than body | Intestinal canal 12 times length of the body | Intestinal canal 12 times length-of the body |
Colon Smooth | Intestinal canal smooth and convoluted | Intestinal canal smooth and convoluted | Colon convoluted | Colon convoluted |
Lives on flesh | Lives on flesh, carrion and plants | Lives on grass, herbs and plants | Lives on fruit and nuts | Live on fruit! |
*The figures in the center represent the number of incisors upon each side
Hugs,
Mango
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Wednesday, November 28, 2007
Physiological/Biological Anatomy of a (fruitarian) Human
Some evidence supporting our basic herbivorous natures:
Anatomical Chart Comparison of Human and Carnivore/Omnivor/Herbivore/Frugivore
Carnivore | Herbivore | Omnivore | Human | |
Facial Muscles | Reduced to allow wide mouth gape. | Well developed | Reduced | Well developed |
Jaw Type | Angle not expanded - Vertically mobile for biting or tearing. | Expanded angle - Laterally mobile to allow chewing of food. | Angle not expanded - Vertically mobile for biting or tearing. | Expanded angle - Laterally mobile to allow chewing of food. |
Jaw Joint Location | On same plane as molar teeth | Above the plane of the molars | On same plane as molar teeth | Above the plane of the molars |
Jaw Motion | Shearing; minimal side-to-side motion | No shear; good side-to-side, front-to-back | Shearing; minimal side-to-side motion | No shear; good side-to-side, front-to-back |
Major Jaw Muscles | Temporalis | Masseter and pterygoids | Temporalis | Masseter and pterygoids |
Mouth Opening vs. Head Size | Large | Small | Large | Small |
Teeth: Incisors | Short and pointed | Broad, flattened and spade shaped | Short and pointed | Broad, flattened and spade shaped |
Teeth: Canines | Long, sharp and curved | Dull and short or long (for defense), or none | Long, sharp and curved | Short and blunted |
Teeth: Molars | Sharp, jagged and blade shaped | Flattened with cusps vs complex surface | Sharp blades and/or flattened | Flattened with nodular cusps |
Chewing | None; swallows food whole | Extensive chewing necessary | Swallows food whole and/or simple crushing | Extensive chewing necessary |
Saliva | No digestive enzymes - Acidic saliva for the digestion of animal protein; the enzyme ptyaline lowly developed salivary glands. | Carbohydrate digesting enzymes - Alkaline salive pour a quick breakdown of food developed Salivary glands for pre-digestion. | No digestive enzymes - Acidic saliva for the digestion of animal protein; the enzyme ptyaline lowly developed salivary glands. | Carbohydrate digesting enzymes - Alkaline salive for a quick breakdown of food developed Salivary glands for pre-digestion. |
Stomach Type | Simple | Simple or multiple chambers | Simple | Simple |
Stomach Acidity | Less than or equal to pH 1 with food in stomach | pH 4 to 5 with food in stomach | Less than or equal to pH 1 with food in stomach | pH 4 to 5 with food in stomach |
Stomach Capacity | 60% to 70% of total volume of digestive tract | Less than 30% of total volume of digestive tract | 60% to 70% of total volume of digestive tract | 21% to 27% of total volume of digestive tract |
Length of Small Intestine | 3 to 6 times body length | 10 to more than 12 times body length | 4 to 6 times body length | 10 to 11 times body length |
Colon | Simple, short and smooth | Long, complex; may be sacculated | Simple, short and smooth | Long, sacculated |
Liver | Can detoxify vitamin A | Cannot detoxify vitamin A | Can detoxify vitamin A | Cannot detoxify vitamin A |
Kidney | Extremely concentrated urine | Moderately concentrated urine | Extremely concentrated urine | Moderately concentrated urine |
Nails | Sharp claws | Flattened nails or blunt hooves | Sharp claws | Flattened nails |
Thermo -stasis | Hyper -ventilation | Perspiration | Hyper -ventilation | Perspiration |
Vitamin C | Can produce it without vitamin C rich food | Needed from the daily food | Can produce it without vitamin C rich food | Needed from the daily food (fruits). |
Urine | Acid | Alkaline | Acid | Alkaline |
Skin | No pores. No transcutaneous sweating. | millions of pores. Glands capable of sweating. | No pores. No transcutaneous sweating. | millions of pores. Glands capable of sweating |
Adapted from The Comparative Anatomy of Eating by Milton R. Mills, M.D.
Although not exactly evidence of our fundamental fruitarian-ness, nevertheless still relevant and interesting.. I'd love to see an additional column labeled fruitarians..
hugs,
mango.
Playing by the lake in the Czech Republic, 2006:
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Tuesday, November 27, 2007
Raw Fruit: The Natural Food of Primates
This is from the book "Health and Survival in the 21st Century", by Ross Horne.
Raw Fruit: The Natural Food of Primates
People become vegetarians to improve their health and extend their lives. Some vegetarians go a step further and consume their food mainly uncooked, while others go even further and limit their diet to fruit, which they claim to be the natural food of man.
Their argument is sound for a number of reasons, but one way or the other it is a fact that, in reasonable variation, fruit can provide the full complement of all required nutrients in adequate quantities, remembering that the requirement for protein and fat are much lower than generally believed. Therefore, instead of being considered merely an accessory to conventional meals, fruit should be considered in its own right as a staple food. The advantages of a fruitarian diet are:That fruit alone can ideally sustain human health and vigor, even without drinking water, indicates that it indeed provides the basis of man's natural diet. Further substantiation of this view is that there are about forty distinct anatomical, physiological and biological features of humans which show unquestionably that the human body is designed mainly for a fruit diet, notwithstanding the fact that, like all animals, they can survive less successfully on a wide variety of foods. These features range from natural fondness for sweet foods, jaw and teeth structure, salivary secretion, length of digestive tract, size of pancreas, stereo color vision and so on. In fact, in all these respects humans are practically identical today with the other higher primates in the wild which, whenever possible, live on fruit.
- It provides complete nourishment with the minimum of extraneous substances capable of 'silting' up the tissues.
- It is most easily digested, minimizing the energy required for digestion (which is substantial), thereby minimizing total food (kilojoule) requirements.
- It is palatable.
- It is easily obtained and easily prepared.
- It satisfies the appetite when sufficient has been eaten--fruitarians are always lean.
- Minimum but adequate protein is provided.
- Minimum but adequate essential fats are provided.
- Maximum energy is available from what is eaten, with only carbon dioxide and water, which are entirely nontoxic, as the by-products.
- It provides the body with adequate amounts of pure water.
- It results in a favorable alkaline internal state.
- Favorable intestinal flora predominate in the bowel.
- No constipation occurs.
- No auto-intoxication occurs.
- The body detoxifies itself.
- The blood is clean and low viscosity; there is good circulation with low blood pressure.
- There is the least wear and tear and the least "silting up" of all the body organs and tissues.
Evidence of the suitability of fruit as a staple food and not just as an accessory to the conventional diet is to be seen by observing fruitarians who live entirely on a wide variety of fresh fruit, and who display lean youthful bodies, low blood pressure, clear vision and unimpaired faculties, even with advancing years. A well-known human peculiarity never before connected with this argument but which provides almost conclusive evidence is that humans, like all primates, are incapable of making vitamin C in their bodies, whereas other animals can (excepting guinea pigs and fruit-eating bats). Basing their argument on this fact, it is strongly advocated by many authorities that people should take large amounts of supplementary Vitamin C to compensate for this "error of Nature", which they put down to an unfavorable mutation in our evolutionary past some millions of years ago. To prove this "unlucky mutation" argument completely wrong, and at the same time prove that man is a natural fruit eater, consider:
- The only mutations which persist to become a universal feature of a species are favorable ones. Unfavorable mutations cannot possibly do so.
- A genetic change preventing the synthesis of vitamin C in the body, to become universal to an entire species, must therefore have been, at the time, a favorable change.
- The only possibility of such a genetic change being favorable is for the species to have been already getting more than adequate vitamin C, and that any more was undesirable.
- The only source of "excess" vitamin C in Nature is a diet of raw fruit. (Only certain tropical fruits contain such high levels of Vitamin C; many fruits contain only small amounts.)
Therefore it is clear that the human diet ideally should be based mainly on fresh fruit, and that past errors which have led to widespread vitamin C deficiencies are dietary--not genetic--errors.
Regards,
Mango the Fruitarian
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Tuesday, November 27, 2007
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