Comparative Anatomy of Carnivores, Omnivores, Herbivores, Frugivores and Humans ..

Here's a wonderful chart showing our anatomical / physiological / taxonomical classification as frugivores.. It's a comparative anatomy chart, comparing the carnivores, omnivores, herbivores and frugivores, and it should be abundantly clear that we are neither Lions, nor tigers nor bears, oh my! So all those people screaming balance of nature as justification for eating other animals, please recognise that by choosing to eat the butchered remains of other animals, you are actually upsetting the balance of nature, not aiding it!

Another Physiological/Anatomical Comparison Chart.. this time with fruitarians..

From: http://www.rawfoodexplained.com/the-human-dietetic-character-part-i/are-we-vegetarians-or-fruitarians.html

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Anatomical Chart Comparison of Human and Carnivore/Omnivor/Herbivore/Frugivore

CARNIVORA	OMNIVORA	HERBIVORA	FRUGIVORA (APES)	MAN
Zonary placenta	Placenta non-acciduate	Placenta non-deciduate	Discoidal placenta	Discoidal placenta
Four Footed	Four Footed	Four footed	Two hands and two feet	Two hands and two feet
Have claws	Have hoofs	Have hoofs (cloven)	Flat nails	Flat nails
Go on all fours	Go on all fours	Go on all fours	Walks upright	Walks upright
Have tails	Have tails	Have tails	Without tails	Without tails
Eyes look sideways	Eyes look sideways	Eyes look sideways	Eyes look forward	Eyes look forward
Skin without pores	Skin with pores	Skin with pores (save with pachyderms as the elephant	Millions of pores	Millions of pores
Slightly developed incisor teeth	Very well-developed incisor teeth		Well-developed incisor teeth	Well-developed incisor teeth
Pointed molar teeth	Molar teeth in folds		Blunt molar teeth	Blunt molar teeth
*Dental formula 5 to 8.1.6.1.5 to 8 5 to 8.1.6.1.5 to 8	Dental formula 8.1.2 to 3.1.8 8.1.2 to 3.1.8	Dental formula 6.0.0.0.6 6.1.6.1.6	Dental formula 5.1.4.1.5. 5.1.4.1.5.	Dental formula 5.1.4.1.5 5.1.4.1.5
Small salivary glands	Well- developed salivary glands	Well- developed salivary glands	Well- developed salivary glands	Well- developed salivary glands
Acid reaction of saliva and urine	Saliva and urine acid	Alkaline reaction, saliva and urine	Alkaline reaction, saliva and urine	Alkaline reaction of saliva and urine
Rasping tongue	Smooth tongue	Smooth tongue	Smooth tongue	Smooth tongue
Teats on abdomen	Teats on abdomen	Teats on abdomen	Miammary glands on breast	Mammary glands on breast
Stomach simple and roundish	Stomach simple and roundish large cul-de-sac	A stomach in three compartments (in camel and some ruminents four)	Stomach with duodenum (as second stomach)	Stomach with duodenum (as second stomach)
Intestinal canal 3 times length of the body	Intestinal canal 10 times length of the body	Length of intestinal canal varies according to species, but is usually 10 times longer than body	Intestinal canal 12 times length of the body	Intestinal canal 12 times length-of the body
Colon Smooth	Intestinal canal smooth and convoluted	Intestinal canal smooth and convoluted	Colon convoluted	Colon convoluted
Lives on flesh	Lives on flesh, carrion and plants	Lives on grass, herbs and plants	Lives on fruit and nuts	Live on fruit!

*The figures in the center represent the number of incisors upon each side

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Hugs,
Mango

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Physiological/Biological Anatomy of a (fruitarian) Human

Some evidence supporting our basic herbivorous natures:

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Anatomical Chart Comparison of Human and Carnivore/Omnivor/Herbivore/Frugivore

	Carnivore	Herbivore	Omnivore	Human
Facial Muscles	Reduced to allow wide mouth gape.	Well developed	Reduced	Well developed
Jaw Type	Angle not expanded - Vertically mobile for biting or tearing.	Expanded angle - Laterally mobile to allow chewing of food.	Angle not expanded - Vertically mobile for biting or tearing.	Expanded angle - Laterally mobile to allow chewing of food.
Jaw Joint Location	On same plane as molar teeth	Above the plane of the molars	On same plane as molar teeth	Above the plane of the molars
Jaw Motion	Shearing; minimal side-to-side motion	No shear; good side-to-side, front-to-back	Shearing; minimal side-to-side motion	No shear; good side-to-side, front-to-back
Major Jaw Muscles	Temporalis	Masseter and pterygoids	Temporalis	Masseter and pterygoids
Mouth Opening vs. Head Size	Large	Small	Large	Small
Teeth: Incisors	Short and pointed	Broad, flattened and spade shaped	Short and pointed	Broad, flattened and spade shaped
Teeth: Canines	Long, sharp and curved	Dull and short or long (for defense), or none	Long, sharp and curved	Short and blunted
Teeth: Molars	Sharp, jagged and blade shaped	Flattened with cusps vs complex surface	Sharp blades and/or flattened	Flattened with nodular cusps
Chewing	None; swallows food whole	Extensive chewing necessary	Swallows food whole and/or simple crushing	Extensive chewing necessary
Saliva	No digestive enzymes - Acidic saliva for the digestion of animal protein; the enzyme ptyaline lowly developed salivary glands.	Carbohydrate digesting enzymes - Alkaline salive pour a quick breakdown of food developed Salivary glands for pre-digestion.	No digestive enzymes - Acidic saliva for the digestion of animal protein; the enzyme ptyaline lowly developed salivary glands.	Carbohydrate digesting enzymes - Alkaline salive for a quick breakdown of food developed Salivary glands for pre-digestion.
Stomach Type	Simple	Simple or multiple chambers	Simple	Simple
Stomach Acidity	Less than or equal to pH 1 with food in stomach	pH 4 to 5 with food in stomach	Less than or equal to pH 1 with food in stomach	pH 4 to 5 with food in stomach
Stomach Capacity	60% to 70% of total volume of digestive tract	Less than 30% of total volume of digestive tract	60% to 70% of total volume of digestive tract	21% to 27% of total volume of digestive tract
Length of Small Intestine	3 to 6 times body length	10 to more than 12 times body length	4 to 6 times body length	10 to 11 times body length
Colon	Simple, short and smooth	Long, complex; may be sacculated	Simple, short and smooth	Long, sacculated
Liver	Can detoxify vitamin A	Cannot detoxify vitamin A	Can detoxify vitamin A	Cannot detoxify vitamin A
Kidney	Extremely concentrated urine	Moderately concentrated urine	Extremely concentrated urine	Moderately concentrated urine
Nails	Sharp claws	Flattened nails or blunt hooves	Sharp claws	Flattened nails
Thermo -stasis	Hyper -ventilation	Perspiration	Hyper -ventilation	Perspiration
Vitamin C	Can produce it without vitamin C rich food	Needed from the daily food	Can produce it without vitamin C rich food	Needed from the daily food (fruits).
Urine	Acid	Alkaline	Acid	Alkaline
Skin	No pores. No transcutaneous sweating.	millions of pores. Glands capable of sweating.	No pores. No transcutaneous sweating.	millions of pores. Glands capable of sweating

Adapted from The Comparative Anatomy of Eating by Milton R. Mills, M.D.

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Although not exactly evidence of our fundamental fruitarian-ness, nevertheless still relevant and interesting.. I'd love to see an additional column labeled fruitarians..

hugs,
mango.

Playing by the lake in the Czech Republic, 2006:

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